LDD NCERT Search for 'pl:"USA:American Counseling Association,2024"'

Associations between therapeutic working alliance, meaningful experiences, and affective distress

By Cook, Ryan M..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , We used structural equation modeling to test client meaningful experiences in counseling and the therapeutic working alliance (TWA) as predictors of affective distress, controlling for clients’ age, gender, race and ethnicity, and length of counseling relationship. In a sample of 306 adult clients engaging in counseling, we a found statistically significant relationship between client meaningful experiences in counseling and the TWA (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). There was a significant and negative direct effect from client meaningful experiences in counseling to affective distress (β = −0.45, p < 0.001). However, we did not find a significant direct effect of the TWA on affective distress (β = −0.00, p = 0.97). Implications for counselors, supervisors, and counselor educators are discussed

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Using structural equation modeling to examine counselor interpersonal stress theory

By Moore, C. Missy.
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , When counselors experience interpersonal stress, they appraise counseling events using a similar appraisal process as the well-known stress theory, the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. Using structural equation modeling, we tested a mediation model representing the appraisal process in counselor interpersonal stress theory using a sample of professional counselors (n = 221). We hypothesized preventive resources and counseling self-efficacy would partially mediate the relationship between counselor interpersonal stress and counselor burnout. In the model, counselor interpersonal stress and preventive resources showed statistically significant direct effects on counselor burnout. Preventive resources partially mediated the relationship between counselor interpersonal stress and counselor burnout. Implications for clinical practice and counselor wellness are discussed.

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Group Interpersonal Psychotherapy for minoritized Head Start mothers with depressive symptoms: A mixed method study

By Molina, Abigali Palmer et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , This study explores minoritized mothers’ experiences in group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-G) and relates their experiences to treatment outcomes. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from 26 Latinx and Black mothers who participated in IPT-G. Mothers were divided into three groups: (1) not depressed at follow-up, (2) depressed at follow-up, and (3) those with subclinical symptoms throughout the intervention, and similarities and differences across groups were examined. Results showed that mothers not depressed at follow-up reported high levels of emotional safety in IPT-G, facilitating emotional processing. Mothers depressed at follow-up referenced the impact of stigma and had greater difficulty sharing their feelings and also reported lower socioeconomic status and higher levels of trauma. It appears that high levels of environmental stressors and difficulty developing trusting therapeutic relationships were related to experiencing depression at the conclusion of treatment. Alternatively, for many mothers, IPT-G provided within head start was an effective therapeutic option.

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Latent profiles of counselor burnout: Associations with self-discrepancy

By Kim, Isak et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , The purpose of this research study was to identify heterogeneous counselor burnout profiles using a latent profile analysis (LPA) and examine the profiles in association with counselors’ personal and professional self-discrepancies in counselor qualities. Data from 360 practicing professional counselors were used for analysis. LPA identified four distinct profiles: Well-Adjusted Counselors (n = 167, 46.4%), Disconnected Counselors (n = 68, 18.9%), Impaired Counselors (n = 22, 6.1%), and Persevering Counselors (n = 103, 28.6%). A series of Chi-square tests indicated there were significant associations between the burnout profiles and self-discrepancies in some counselor qualities, such as “open-minded,” “stable,” “dependable,” “consistent,” “empathic,” “optimistic,” “trustworthy,” and “sociable.” Professional counselors are encouraged to identify their burnout profile and address personal and professional self-discrepancy, which may affect burnout symptomology.

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Can an apophatic meditation promote long-term adjustment in hope? A time-series model of centering meditation

By Dorais, Stephanie et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , The authors investigate the effects of centering meditation on state hope among college and graduate students through a randomized controlled trial. Participants (n = 150; 65% white, 84% female) were randomized to either a centering meditation group or a waitlist control group. Time-series analyses indicated that centering meditation significantly improved hope, suggesting long-term dynamic adjustment, compared to a control group. Specifically, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) procedures indicated that the treatment group exhibited a statistically significant upward trend in hope, ARIMA (1, 1, 0). As expected, the control group's levels of hope were stationary, ARIMA (1, 0, 1). The study highlights the potential benefits of centering meditation as an evidence-based counseling intervention for improving hope in the college population.

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A multilayered, dynamic model of refugee resilience: A grounded theory

By Kondili, Elvita et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , The goal of this study was to explore the individual, cultural–relational–communal, and systemic factors associated with refugee resilience. Using constructivist grounded theory, we explored the concept of resilience through individual and focus group interviews with 21 refugees and 25 staff members working with this population in the United States. Our findings illustrate a multilayered and dynamic model that presents resilience in refugees as a fluid and complex phenomenon involving (a) individual, (b) community, and (c) societal conditions that either facilitate or hinder refugees’ ability to bounce back from the trauma(s) they have experienced. The authors discuss the implications of this model for developing a range of intervention strategies that aid in fostering refugee resilience at individual, community, and societal levels.

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An investigation of healthcare professionals’ perspectives on the tasks of mental health counselors in hospital settings

By Marmara, Suelle Micallef.
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , In this study, we attempted to understand what other healthcare professionals considered mental health counselors’ (MHCs) tasks in their hospital setting to facilitate medical and mental health services and enhance patients’ well-being. Using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design (concept mapping), we obtained 3 regions of MHCs’ tasks (i.e., Overarching Roles and Responsibilities of MHCs in the Hospital Setting, MHCs’ Specific Roles in the Hospital Setting, and MHCs’ Roles and Responsibilities as a Multidisciplinary Team Member) represented in 11 clusters. We discussed the results with implications for MHCs, healthcare professionals, counselor educators, and researchers, along with the current study's limitations.

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A mixed methods study of Black/African American counselor wellness

By Erby, Adrienne N..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , Using a mixed methods sequential explanatory design, the researchers investigated coping and wellness in a purposive, snowball sample of Black/African American counselors (n = 86). A simple linear regression measured the relationship between Africultural coping and wellness followed by an interpretative phenomenological analysis of focus group data. While Africultural coping was not a significant predictor of wellness, there was a statistically significant gender difference in Africultural coping with a small effect size. Gendered focus groups of men (n = 3) and women (n = 7) created from within the survey sample resulted in five themes addressing: (a) distinctive stressors, (b) coping, (c) having to do it all, (d) wellness as important, and (e) the role of connection. Implications and recommendations for the counseling profession are provided.

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Structural invariance of the Global Wellness Model: A national sample

By Kalkbrenner, Michael T..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , Total wellness (combined physical and mental health) is an integral element in the professional identity of counselors. Counselors need wellness-based models with corresponding screening tools to measure their clients’ wellness. A number of sociodemographic disparities in mental and physical wellness exist among US adults. While a number of wellness models exist (e.g., Global Wellness Model), the literature is missing a model that has been tested for invariance (equivalent meaning) across extant wellness-based sociodemographic variables. Invariance testing is a crucial next step in this line of research, as it is not appropriate to apply a model in practice if the meaning of the model's latent trait differs between subgroups of the population. Results demonstrated that the Global Wellness Model was invariant by gender, ethnicity, help-seeking history, income, and education among a national sample (N = 772) of US adults. Results also revealed sociodemographic differences in Global Wellness by income and help-seeking history.

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A comparative analysis of counselors’ right to test over time: Implications for advocacy in the counseling profession

By Cade, Rochelle.
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , Counselor's right to utilize assessment, appraisal, and tests, and diagnose has substantive implications for professional counseling, counselor education, the provision of evidence-based practice, and supporting client development across the life span. We identified documents detailing licensure rules and regulations for counselors’ use of these clinical tools within the contiguous United States, Washington, DC, Alaska, Hawaii, and inhabited U.S. territories. Proportion comparisons over time, Fisher's exact test, and related effect sizes were computed to identify changes over time, as well as trends associated with regional professional association. Our results indicated increased representation over time of privileges allowing for the use of assessment, appraisal, and tests, and diagnosis within counselors’ scope of practice and educational requirements, but modest representation of normal assessment use and allowable/nonallowable assessments and tests. Furthermore, we identified statistically significant differences in the regional representativeness of diagnostic privileges. Implications for counselor education and individual and association-level advocacy are discussed.

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Fostering healthy relationships: A preliminary investigation of relationship education

By Barden, Sejal M. et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , Robust and healthy relationships are pivotal for overall well-being and wellness. Social support, the reduction of stigma, and the cultivation of quality time are critical elements in establishing and nurturing a healthy relationship as they bolster emotional well-being, enhance communication, and alleviate stress. The aim of this research study was to investigate the associations between quality time, social support, and self-stigma among couples (N = 518 dyads) engaged in a randomized controlled relationship education intervention, whether online or face to face. Longitudinal Actor–Partner Interdependence Models (L-APIM) were employed to investigate the dyadic correlations and the influence of the intervention's modality on the three outcomes observed at the 1-month postintervention follow-up. Results indicated that individuals tend to exhibit consistent perceptions of quality time, social support, self-stigma related to help-seeking, and threats to self-confidence regarding help-seeking, both at baseline and the subsequent 1-month follow-up. Results and implications are discussed.

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The relational change mechanisms of child-centered play therapy with children exposed to adverse childhood experiences

By Frawley, Caitlin.
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , The researchers examined the relational mechanisms and coregulatory change mechanisms of child-centered play therapy (CCPT) with children (ages 5–8) who endured multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The researchers computed surrogate synchrony analyses to measure heart rate synchrony between counselor and child participants during CCPT treatment. Child participants received between 10 and 14 CCPT sessions in the elementary school setting. Participants and counselor wore Empatica© E4 wristbands during sessions to collect heart rate data continuously during play therapy sessions. The researchers found consistent, large child-counselor heart rate synchrony levels across play therapy sessions. The researchers discuss the implications of this research for counselors and play therapists working with children impacted by ACEs.

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The effects of Student Success Skills on attendance and emotion regulation

By Villares, Elizabeth et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , This study examines the effects of the Student Success Skills (SSS) intervention, an Advocating Student-within-Environment-informed intervention, on Hispanic students’ (N = 681) school attendance and emotion regulation. The study variables reflected students’ attendance, self-regulation, and test anxiety. The school counselors in the treatment group (n = 15) delivered the SSS program, while those in the control group (n = 15) did not. The results of multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) tests revealed significant differences in school attendance and test anxiety 30 weeks following the fifth SSS lesson. Statistical significance for self-regulation was found only 2 weeks after the fifth SSS lesson.

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School engagement and Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide: Identity groups differences

By Wester, Kelly L..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , The Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) is a framework for understanding suicidality, yet there is little connection of IPTS to school environment, or exploration of this model within various populations. In this article, we conduct a cross-sectional assessment in a high school to understand the relationships between student engagement, IPTS, and suicidal behavior, to provide guidance for counseling professionals to target prevention and intervention efforts to increase effectiveness. A total of 1081 high school students participated in the current study. While perceived burdensomeness was found to moderate the relationship of some aspects of student engagement to suicidal behavior, nuances existed in risk factors to suicidal behavior for various identity groups within the school. Findings have implications for prevention and intervention efforts that would be most effective for students with diverse backgrounds.

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Black men's perceptions of mothers as primary support for wellness

By Summers, LaTonya M..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , Black men regard their mothers as the source of primary support and may benefit from having counselors incorporate their mothers into the counseling process. In this study, the researchers attempted to understand Black men's lived experiences and the impact of their mother's influence upon their wellbeing. Drawing on interviews with 10 Black men, the researchers excavated 5 themes related to development and wellness of Black men as clients. The researchers discussed the results with implications for counselors, along with current study's limitations.

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Results from a pilot efficacy trial of a motivational interviewing substance use intervention for Latinx/e youth

By Moreno, Oswaldo et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , We conducted a pilot feasibility study to examine the efficacy of a culturally adapted Group Motivational Interviewing for Teens–alternative tobacco product (GMIT-ATP) intervention among Latinx/e youth and whether, including caregivers, improved outcomes (GMIT-ATP+P). Adolescents (ages 10–16) and their caregivers were randomized to two groups after completing baseline assessments: (1) GMIT-ATP (N = 23) and (2) GMIT-ATP+P (N = 32). Youth in both conditions attended three youth-only sessions, and parents in the GMIT-ATP+P condition attended three parent-only sessions. Parents and youth completed measures before randomization, immediately after the intervention, and 3-month post-intervention. No significant differences were found when comparing conditions. However, adolescents’ reports of knowledge of the health effects of tobacco and ATP products increased from pre- to post-intervention and remained stable at the 3-month follow-up. Culturally enhancing preventive interventions have positive effects within the Latinx/e community, and there is potential for long-term sustainability.

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An ecologically informed transdisciplinary prevention model for Black and Latine family wellbeing

By Lozada, Fantasy T. et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , Given noted racial disparities in mental health and wellbeing, Black and Latine families are often the focus of prevention and intervention efforts. These efforts are traditionally embedded in deficit perspectives about these communities, ignoring their cultural wealth and collective agency. Yet increasing recognition of the interconnected systems and social determinants that lead to racial disparities and negative outcomes among Black and Latine populations requires counselors and other practitioners to broaden their conceptions of prevention and engage in collaboration to develop more effective and comprehensive prevention efforts. In the current paper, we provide an ecologically informed transdisciplinary model of family empowerment, prevention, and wellbeing with Black and Latine families. We apply this model to counseling practice as a potential roadmap for future counseling prevention work with Black and Latine families.

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Theory-informed school counseling: Increasing efficacy through prevention-focused practice and outcome research

By Kim, Hyunhee et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , School counselors are front-line providers to K-12 students in the areas of learning, mental health, and career development, based on their foundation in prevention, development, wellness, and social justice. Although school counseling remains an important role within K-12 schools, the profession faces existential threats to its continued existence due largely to the lack of applied outcome research validating its positive impact on student development. This conceptual article has two aims: (a) to reassert the unique importance of school counselors as a prevention provider who promote wellness, development, and social justice and (b) describe how theory-informed school counseling practice is a solution using Advocating-Student within Environment theory as an example. Implications for scholarship, training, and practice are described.

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Time series analysis in preventive intervention research: A step-by-step guide

By Dorais, Stephanie.
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , Time series analysis (TSA) is a statistical approach rooted in data mining that measures outcomes that consistently fluctuate over time. It is uniquely positioned as a methodology for preventive intervention research due to its capacity to measure long-term impact in natural settings. With the ability to detect temporal patterns in a series of chronological data points, it allows researchers to detect naturalistic patterns, forecast future observations, and explain a change in data after an intervention is put in place. However, its application is historically sparse across behavioral research. This article provides counseling researchers with an overview of TSA and presents a step-by-step guide for conducting TSA analyses in counseling research. The author discusses the key concepts, steps for implementation, and the strengths and challenges of conducting TSA.

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Cultural humility, counseling alliance, and counseling outcome among LGBTQ+ clients

By Ratanashevorn, Rattanakorn et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , Literature suggests LGBTQ+ cultural competencies and cultural humility as critical components to providing counseling services to LGBTQ+ clients. Previous research has shown that cultural humility leads to better counseling outcomes through the counseling alliance in sexual minority clients. This study investigated the relationships among cultural humility, counseling alliance, and counseling outcome among 584 LGBTQ+ counseling clients (38.5% were non-cisgender). The results revealed that all three constructs were positively related to one another. Counseling alliance mediated the relationship between cultural humility and counseling outcome. The overall mediation model indicated that cultural humility had direct and indirect effects accounting for 58% of the variance in counseling outcome when controlling for gender, sexual orientation, and level of education. The findings underscore the importance of cultivating cultural humility among counselors working with LGBTQ+ clients to improve counseling alliance and counseling outcomes.

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From zen to stigma: Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and their cross-cultural links to mental health

By Lin, Yi-Ying.
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , Stigma remains a significant barrier preventing individuals from seeking the support they need, particularly for individuals with East Asian heritages. To explore potential mechanisms, this study examined links from East Asian ideologies to mental health help-seeking attitudes and peace of mind across five cultural groups: 322 respondents in China, 400 in Japan, 362 in Taiwan, 319 Asian Americans, and 688 white Americans. The three teachings of East Asia accounted for 31%–85% of the cross-cultural differences in mental health attitudes and peace of mind. Empowering Confucian tenets (self-cultivation, leading by example, and human heartedness), Taoism, and Buddhism all uniquely predicted greater peace of mind across most of the groups. Empowering Confucianism also predicted lower mental health stigma whereas Buddhism predicted greater stigma. Finally, Restrictive Confucian tenets (e.g., interpersonal harmony, propriety, and relational hierarchy) predicted greater stigma and lower peace of mind. Implications for addressing stigma/resistance within treatment and for promoting mental health across cultures are discussed.

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A 50-year content analysis on Black males' experiences in counseling

By Shannon, Jordan et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , The view of Black male identities has historically been distorted. Traditionally, it has reflected the dehumanization of Black males through the lens of criminality and lacking dignity. However, in a similar fashion, little is known about the Black males in counseling, due to simultaneous under examination in empirical literature. Therefore, the researchers conducted a content analysis on the family of American Counseling Association and affiliate journals to observe the current state of scholarship on Black males’ experiences with counseling. Using an intersectional lens to the approach, our review yielded 102 articles on Black males' experiences with counseling published between 1972 and 2022. Implications for culturally responsive practices and counselor education are further discussed.

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Suicide risk factors among older adults: Implications for counselors as Medicare providers

By Mize, Mary Chase.
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , Professional counselors will be eligible to serve Medicare beneficiaries as of January 1, 2024, and Medicare is the primary health insurance program for older adults in the United States. This population is rapidly increasing, and growth is accompanied by increased mental health concerns such as suicide. Older adults who receive home-delivered meals (HDM) may be at risk due to isolation, especially throughout the coronavirus pandemic. Grounded in the interpersonal theory of suicide, we sought to understand the relationships between proximal (thwarted belongingness; TB, perceived burdensomeness; PB) and distal (chronic pain, loneliness, and perceived social support) risk factors among older adults who receive HDM. TB and PB were correlated with pain, loneliness, and perceived social support, and these variables predicted TB and PB. Understanding relationships between proximal and distal suicide risk factors may inform interventions for counselors to address loneliness, enhance social support, and identify suicide risk among older adults.

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Counselor burnout, person–environment fit, and job crafting among school counselors: A person–centered approach

By Carkit, Ersoy.
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , The present study explored the interrelationship among counselor burnout, person–environment fit, and job crafting via a latent profile analysis (LPA). Using a sample of 451 school counselors (76.9% women, 23.1% men) in Türkiye, the LPA revealed three distinct profiles regarding adaptation to the environment (maladaptive, average, and adaptive). The auxiliary variable analysis showed that career adaptability and its components (i.e., concern, control, curiosity, and confidence) increased the likelihood of school counselors’ membership in the adaptive group. In addition, the results showed significant mean differences in the levels of positive affect and negative affect across profile memberships, such that the adaptive group had the highest positive affect and the lowest negative affect. Implications are discussed.

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Reducing student anxiety using neurofeedback-assisted mindfulness: A quasi-experimental single-case design

By Christian, David D. et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , The authors implemented an A–B–A with follow-up quasi-experimental single-case research design to assess the effectiveness of a consumer-grade neurofeedback (NFB)-assisted mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) for reducing anxiety in high-achieving high school students (N = 5). Three of the participants from racial/ethnic minority and lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds reported reduced anxiety as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Youth (STAI-Y) during the intervention. In contrast, the two participants who identified as White, higher SES did not report decreased anxiety during the intervention. Results provide initial support for the use of the NFB-assisted MBI used in this study as a brief, targeted intervention for highly anxious, high-achieving high school students—specifically those from racial/ethnic minority and lower SES backgrounds. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

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A review of counseling research using single-case research design

By Brown, Cian L. et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , Single-case research designs (SCRDs) are a vital tool for researchers and practitioners in counseling to evaluate intervention and treatment effectiveness. This content analysis reviews the application of SCRDs in counseling to highlight knowledge accrued and existing gaps in the literature. We evaluated the methodological design and reporting adherence against recommended guidelines to provide guidance for future research. We included 50 SCRDs published between 2015 and 2021 across 15 journals (42 reviewed). Content results showed several trends, strengths, and areas of improvement in counseling SCRDs. No studies completely met the What Works Clearinghouse (2022) design standards or Single-Case Reporting Guideline in Behavioural Interventions (SCRIBE) reporting standards, yet several indicators had high levels of adherence. We discuss how the experimental design process can be enhanced to improve the internal validity, ways to improve transparency in reporting SCRD results, and the importance of contextualizing SCRD methodology to the counseling field.

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Social justice content in counseling journals: Comparison of publication rates

By Dollarhide, Colette T..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , Social justice is listed as a professional value for the American Counseling Association (ACA) (2014), yet professional publication in this topic may not be commensurate with its importance to the profession. This article presents the results of a qualitative content analysis (QCA, Schreier, 2012) of titles and abstracts of 917 articles in 18 ACA journals and one American School Counselor Association journal to document each journal's publication rate of social justice-related articles for 2 years: 2018 (2 years before the ACA Anti-Racism Statement, 2020) and 2022 (2 years after the statement). Results for each journal are presented, and topics of social justice content are listed. Implications are provided for researchers, association leaders, editors, and reviewers.

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Changes in therapists’ client dropout rates over time: Findings from a practice-research group

By Bugatti, Matteo et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , Research has failed to consistently show that therapists facilitate better client outcomes as they gain more experience. The present study was designed to examine changes in early client retention over the course of extended periods of time among 2591 therapists in private practice. Naturalistic data collected between 2018 and 2022 was extracted from a technology-enabled practice-research group (PRG). Therapists displayed an increase in client dropout rates as they gained more experience on the PRG. Additionally, larger caseloads on the PRG were associated with lower increases in client dropout over time. Finally, therapists working with clients paying higher out-of-pocket fees (e.g., co-pays) had higher increases in client dropout over time. These findings provide additional evidence supporting the distinction between clinical experience and expertise.

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Understanding prolonged grief from an existential counseling perspective

By Ivers, Nathaniel N. et al..
USA:American Counseling Association,2024 , In this article, we examine prolonged grief through an existential theoretical lens. In particular, we critically compare criteria for prolonged grief disorder with existential theoretical principles, including existential phenomenology, existential relatedness, and existential givens of human existence: death anxiety, existential freedom, existential isolation, and existential meaning/meaninglessness. We explore how existential perspectives and principles provide a clinically useful explanation for the presence and etiology of many of the symptoms of prolonged grief. We also describe counseling implications for treating prolonged grief phenomenologically, relationally, and through the lens of the four existential givens.

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